{"id":12456,"date":"2024-04-24T14:36:30","date_gmt":"2024-04-24T18:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/?p=12456"},"modified":"2024-11-07T10:03:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T15:03:30","slug":"osi-ottawa-self-injury-inventory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/osi-ottawa-self-injury-inventory\/","title":{"rendered":"OSI | Ottawa Self-injury Inventory"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wysiwyg-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI)<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p class=\"wysiwyg-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Recom<\/em><em>mended frequency: Once at the start of treatment<\/em><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1oxI_72ph1avf_8ueyF49IjuzPfUPadN4\/view?usp=drive_link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download Sample<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"wysiwyg-underline\">Summary<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) is a self-report measure used to assess nonsuicidal self-injury including frequency, types of self-injury, functions of the behaviour, potential addictive features of the behaviour, and motivation for change. There is an abbreviated version of the OSI known as the OSI-Functions inventory. Dr. Mary K Nixon was the lead author of the pen and paper version of the OSI in the early 2000&#8217;s, in addition to Paula Clourtier. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We want to thank Dr. Mary K Nixon for sharing her expertise with us in the development of the electronic version and accompanying Assessment Guide. Several minor modifications have been made from the pen and paper version including addition of questions relating to social media.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Nixon has retired from clinical work as a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, and is a former Clinical Associate Professor with the Department of Psychiatry at the University of British Columbia, and\u00a0 Affiliate Associate Professor with the Division of Medical Sciences at the University of Victoria. She is the Founding Editor of the Journal of the Canadian Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and\u00a0 was the network leader for INSYNC (Interdisciplinary National Self-Injury in Youth Network of Canada), a group of researchers studying self-injury across Canada that was initiated in 2005. Dr Nixon has published a number of articles on self injury and co-edited and contributed to a number of chapters in the book \u2019Self Injury in Youth: The Essential Guide to Assessment and Interventions, Routledge Press, 2009\u2019.<\/span><\/i><!-- notionvc: 87b82b2f-b913-4f2e-b55e-6d49da4f2725 --><\/p>\n<h2>About the OSI<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The OSI was developed during Dr Nixon\u2019s career at the Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa in the late 90s, while she was pioneering a new partial hospitalization program for adolescents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UpicFLlpOAs?si=iNYv7eruc-9-C74M\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-injury was becoming a more prominent and troubling issue at the time. While their team was using a standardized assessment to evaluate mental health symptoms there was often considerable debate as to youths&#8217; self-injury behaviour, motivations, and triggers. Dr Nixon felt it would be valuable to develop a more structured assessment to dig deeper into the understanding of self-injury and ask the youth directly. Several youth in their clinical interviews discussed their drive to repeat the behaviour, alluding to addictive qualities behind non-suicidal self-injury. By adapting questions from the DSM-IV surrounding substance use, they were able to begin measuring and better understanding the potential addictive tendencies associated with the behaviour.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e3aAQ4_6dHg?si=haujcDWftbtgkX_C\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In their <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/11054901_Affect_Regulation_and_Addictive_Aspects_of_Repetitive_Self-Injury_in_Hospitalized_Adolescents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2002 study conducted by Nixon, Cloutier, and Aggarwal<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with both partial hospitalization youth and inpatient youth, they found that 97.6% of the 42 adolescents studied exhibited at least three dependence items\u2014 which is the threshold for substance use disorder according to the DSM-IV. Those with addictive features had higher frequency and severity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time of its development, there were a number of existing self-report measures for the assessment of non-suicidal self-injury, including the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation, the Ottawa\/Queen\u2019s Self-Injury Questionnaire, the Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview, and others. However, there was great variability between each assessment tool in terms of what aspects of this condition were being measured\u2014varying from frequency and methods used, to motivations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Nixon\u2019s team has adapted the OSI over the years, primarily by removing some of the functions questions based on research they conducted within different age groups and settings. Dr. Nixon explains how these studies helped them fine-tune the functions section of the OSI:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wov7P0m-7CI?si=OTAg-JuPUcqPdw9a\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They also added a Motivation for Change Likert Scale as this serves as a helpful indicator of what stage of treatment a client might be in, which can help inform their care strategy. The scale can also be a valuable tool to better understand and identify potential barriers to treatment progress.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HAYomUyCzf0?si=2GHq_GJrPceyeUdb\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Key Considerations for the OSI Assessment<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several studies have been completed in inpatient use and outpatient college samples to validate this instrument. Early research on the OSI found that a wide range of<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/285667803_The_Ottawa_self-injury_inventory_A_preliminary_evaluation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">functions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/11054901_Affect_Regulation_and_Addictive_Aspects_of_Repetitive_Self-Injury_in_Hospitalized_Adolescents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">addictive features<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were indicated across clinical samples.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The OSI is designed to be used as an initial assessment to inform treatment planning, goal setting, and to identify in what ways self-injury is impacting the client or what role it plays in their life. It should be used to supplement a formal clinical interview, rather than to replace it.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Who is the OSI Assessment for?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Review the list below to determine if this assessment should be used with your client. If you answer YES to both questions, the OSI is likely a good fit to use with your client.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is your client 14 years of age or older?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has your client demonstrated signs of self-injury or risk of self-injury?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>The OSI Scale<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The OSI is a self-report measure, which means clients can fill it out independently before session or with the assistance of their clinician. The full measure takes approximately 40\u00a0 minutes to complete and asks clients various questions about the motivations, frequency, recency, functions, and addictive qualities of their self-injury.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Measuring Occurence and Frequency<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The occurrence and frequency of non-suicidal self-injury are determined by responses to the question \u201cHow often in the past 6 months have you actually injured yourself without the intention to kill yourself?\u201d (range from 0 &#8211; not at all, to 4 &#8211; daily).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Questions Regarding Suicidal Ideation<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are questions that flag for suicidality early on in the OSI which are designed to help measure the distinction or relationship between self-injury and potential suicidal ideation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Mary Nixon explains how the two are connected and can often overlap.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w97fld4UOmw?si=9Q5xljxn1qu3nMRw\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><b>Assessing the Functions<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The OSI uses a 5 point Likert Scale to assess the functions of non-suicidal self-injury. Clients are asked to indicate the degree to which 31 items (e.g., \u201cto release unbearable tension,\u201d \u201cto get care and attention from others\u201d) relate with their reasons for self-injury, with options ranging from 1- \u2018Never a reason\u2019 to 5 &#8211; \u2018Always a reason\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Assessing Addictive Features<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To measure the addictive features of non-suicidal self-injury, the OSI leverages seven items adapted from the DSM-IV-TR for substance dependance (e.g., \u201cDespite a desire to cut down or control this behavior, you are unable to do so\u201d). Depending on the question, clients can either select from a scale from 0 &#8211; \u201cNever\u201d to 4 &#8211; \u201cAlways\u201d or simply respond \u201cYes\u201d or \u201cno.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Motivation to Change<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The OSI features an item to measure motivation to change, as this can be\u00a0 an important predictor of success in treatment and can help clinicians determine the most appropriate treatment approach.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Interpreting OSI Scores<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Nixon encourages clinicians to use the score key as a guideline to inform treatment plans and approach. She notes that the score key itself does not encompass all of the results of the OSI. The OSI assessment helps to illustrate the various factors and contributors to self-injury, in order to help clinicians identify which components are most prominent and therefore should become a focus in treatment planning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HFDprE2Gxms?si=UUqdq_P7d1u1ALUz\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is helpful to remind clients that information shared on the OSI is confidential, so they are encouraged to be as open as possible. However, as per local jurisdictions and their laws of reporting, clients should also be made aware that if acute suicide risk is evident you are required to act accordingly and report.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wysiwyg-underline\" style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><strong>Copyright<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Developed by <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mary K Nixon and Paula Cloutier.<\/span>\u00a0No permission required to reproduce, translate, display or distribute.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) Recommended frequency: Once at the start of treatment Download Sample Summary The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) is a self-report measure used to assess nonsuicidal self-injury including frequency, types of self-injury, functions of the behaviour, potential addictive features of the behaviour, and motivation for change. There is an abbreviated version of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3,62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-assessment-guide"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12456"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12456\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.grnspace.com\/en-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}